Called 'elixir of life', mushrooms have a history in beauty, culinary & medical fields
Exploring the fusion of ancient Himalayan wisdom and modern scientific methods, researchers at Shoolini University, Solan, are tapping into the potential of medicinal mushrooms in the fight against cancer. Sonali Khanal, a Junior Research Fellow supported by DST-SERB, Government of India; Professor Dinesh Kumar, Head of the School of Bioengineering & Food Technology; and Associate Professor Rachna Verma, Head of the School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, are studying Ganoderma lucidum, commonly known as 'G lucidum'. This mushroom, often called the 'elixir of life', has a storied history across beauty, culinary, and medical fields. The team's research is particularly focused on its anticancer properties, blending traditional practices with cutting-edge science to pave the way for innovative treatments in oncology.
The Himalayas as a Reservoir of Medical Resources
The Indian Himalayas have long been a source of native plants and fungi that local populations use to treat various illnesses. This age-old indigenous knowledge is the foundation for developing new medicinal substances. Historically, mushrooms, which fall under non-timber forest resources, have been utilised for culinary and medicinal purposes. However, the medicinal potential of only a few species has been extensively explored.
Mushrooms in Traditional Medicine
There are over 27,000 species of fungi globally, with 850 species identified in India. Wild mushrooms have diverse applications, from biofuel production and textile manufacturing to food packaging. Most importantly, they are used for their therapeutic properties. These include compounds with antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, anti-diabetic, and anticancer effects. G. lucidum, also known as Lingzhi or Reishi, plays a crucial role in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Used for more than 2,000 years, it is valued for its health and longevity benefits and is considered a ‘prime grade’ herb in TCM, known for its health and disease management benefits.
Scientific Validation of Anticancer Properties
Recent studies have confirmed the ancient uses of G lucidum, particularly its anticancer properties. These studies highlight triterpenes and polysaccharides as the key compounds responsible for its effects, proving effective against various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, colon, lung, and cervical cancers. These compounds fight cancer through several mechanisms: G lucidum triggers apoptosis in cancer cells, leading to their self-destruction while sparing healthy cells. It also disrupts the cell cycle, helping to prevent the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells, and boosts immune function, strengthening the body's natural defenses against cancer.
Bridging Traditional Knowledge with Modern Oncology
The rising global incidence of cancer has spurred the search for new treatment options. While modern medical treatments and synthetic pharmaceuticals have advanced cancer therapy, they often come with severe side effects. This has increased interest in natural and traditional medicines as supplementary or alternative therapies. G. lucidum, known for its extensive use in Traditional Chinese Medicine and its scientifically proven anticancer effects, is a prime example of how traditional knowledge can enhance modern oncology. Its potential in preventing and treating various cancers and its low toxicity makes it a promising candidate for further research and development.
Future of Himalayan Mushrooms in Cancer Therapy
The Himalayan region's vast biodiversity holds significant untapped potential for discovering new anticancer agents. More research is needed to unlock the full medicinal capabilities of various Himalayan mushroom species. Combining traditional ethnomycological knowledge with contemporary scientific methods could lead to identifying novel bioactive compounds and creating more effective, safer cancer therapies.
The Himalayas, a treasure trove of biodiversity and ancient wisdom, hold great potential for propelling cancer research forward. G. lucidum, celebrated for its extensive use in Traditional Chinese Medicine and its proven anticancer properties, exemplifies the value of integrating traditional insights with modern scientific research. Ongoing studies in this area are expected to yield innovative treatments and improve the lives of cancer patients globally.